Handwritten Notes
Semester 4
BP 404 T. Pharmacology I (Theory)
UNIT-I
1. General Pharmacology
a. Introduction to Pharmacology- Definition, historical landmarks, and scope of
pharmacology, nature, and source of drugs, essential drugs concept and routes of
drug administration, Agonists, antagonists( competitive and noncompetitive), spare
receptors, addiction, tolerance, dependence, tachyphylaxis, idiosyncrasy, and allergy.
b. Pharmacokinetics- Membrane transport, absorption, distribution, metabolism and
excretion of drugs.Enzyme induction, enzyme inhibition, the kinetics of elimination
UNIT-II
General Pharmacology
a. Pharmacodynamics- Principles and mechanisms of drug action. Receptor theories
and classification of receptors, and regulation of receptors. drug receptors interactions
signal transduction mechanisms, G-protein–coupled receptors, ion channel receptors,
transmembrane enzyme-linked receptors, transmembrane JAK-STAT binding
receptor and receptors that regulate transcription factors, dose-response
relationship, therapeutic index, combined effects of drugs, and factors modifying
drug action.
b. Adverse drug reactions.
c. Drug interactions (pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic)
d. Drug discovery and clinical evaluation of new drugs -Drug discovery phase, preclinical evaluation phase, clinical trial phase, phases of clinical trials, and pharmacovigilance.
UNIT-III
2. Pharmacology of drugs acting on the peripheral nervous system
a. Organization and function of ANS.
b.Neurohumoral transmission,co-transmission, and classification of neurotransmitters.
c. Parasympathomimetics, Parasympatholytics, Sympathomimetics, sympatholytics.
d. Neuromuscular blocking agents and skeletal muscle relaxants (peripheral).
e. Local anesthetic agents.
f. Drugs used in myasthenia gravis and glaucoma
UNIT-IV
3. Pharmacology of drugs acting on the central nervous system
a. Neurohumoral transmission in the C.N.S. with special emphasis on the importance of various neurotransmitters like GABA, Glutamate, Glycine, serotonin, and dopamine.
b. General anesthetics and pre-anesthetics.
c. Sedatives, hypnotics, and centrally acting muscle relaxants.
d. Anti-epileptics
e. Alcohols and disulfiram
UNIT-V
4. Pharmacology of drugs acting on the central nervous system
a. Psychopharmacological agents: Antipsychotics, antidepressants, anti-anxiety agents,
anti-manics, and hallucinogens.
b. Drugs used in Parkinson's' disease and Alzheimer’s disease.
c. CNS stimulants and nootropics.
d. Opioid analgesics and antagonists
e. Drug addiction, drug abuse, tolerance, and dependence.
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